世新大學九十二學年度碩士在職專班考試

世新大學九十二學年度碩士在職專班考試

系所別	考試科目
法律學系(乙組)	英文

(一) 閱讀測驗60% 共20題每題三分

Question 1-6

If you look closely at some of the early copies of the Declaration of Independence, beyond the flourished signature of John Hancock and other 55men who signed it, you will also find the name of one woman, Mary Katherine Goddard. It was she, a Baltimore printer, who published the first official copies of the Declaration, the first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen colonies.

Mary Goddard first got into printing at the age of twenty-four when her brother opened a printing shop in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1762. When he proceeded to get into trouble with his partners and creditors, it was Mary Goddard and her mother who were left to run the shop. In 1765 they began publishing the Providence Gazette, a weekly newspaper. Similar problems seemed to follow her brother as he opened businesses in Philadelphia and again in Baltimore. Each time Ms. Goddard was brought in to run the newspapers. After starting Baltimore’s first newspaper, The Maryland Journal, in 1773, her brother went broke trying to organize colonial postal service. While he was in debtor’s prison. Mary Katherine Goddard’s name appeared on the newspaper’s masthead for the first time.

When the Continental Congress fled there form Philadelphia in 1776, it commissioned Ms. Goddard to print the first official version of the Declaration of the Independence in January 1777. After printing the documents, she herself paid the post riders to deliver the Declaration throughout the colonies.

During the American Revolution, Mary Goddard continued to publish Baltimore’s only newspaper, which one historian claimed was “second to none among the colonies”. She was also the city’s postmaster from 1775 to 1789- appointed by Benjamin Franklin- and is considered to be the first woman to hold a federal position.

1. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?

(A) The accomplishments of a female publisher

(B) The weakness of the newspaper industry

(D) The publishing system in colonial America

2. Mary Goddard’s name appears on the Declaration of Independence because

(A) she helped write the original document

(B) she published the document

(D) her brother was in prison

3. The word “heralded” in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) influenced

(B) announced

(D) ignored

4. According to the passage, Mary Goddard first became involved in publishing when she

(A) was appointed by Benjamin Franklin

(B) signed the Declaration of Independence

(D) moved to Baltimore

5. It can be inferred from the passage that Mary Goddard was

(A) an accomplished businesswoman

(B) extremely wealthy

(D) a famous writer

6. The word “position” in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) job

(B) election

(D) location

Question 7-13

Researches in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decision to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternative to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question “What still I do after graduation?” A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might the question above to “What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?”

7. What dose the passage mainly discuss?

(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.

(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions

(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making

8. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?

(A) Listing the consequences of each solution

(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution

(D) Writing down all possible solutions

9. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that

(A) has the fewest variables to consider

(B) uses the most decision worksheets

(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people

10. The author develops the discussion in paragraph I by means of

(A) describing a process

(B) classifying types of worksheets

(D) explaining a theory

11. The author states that “On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once (line18-19) to explain that

(A) most decisions involve seven steps

(B) human mental capacity has limitations

(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice

12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?

(A) Proponents (line 5)

(B) Optimal (line 6)

(D) Long-range goals (line 26)

13. The word “revise” in line 28 is closest in meaning to

(A) ask

(B) explain

(D) predict

Questions 14-20

The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism’s in little more than a century.

In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities in creased in importance.

This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In face, one of the strongest factors in selection of plantation land was the desire to have it front on a water highway.

When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of ever one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).

14. What dose the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe.

(B) The evolution of cities in North America

(D) The effects of the United States’ independence on urban growth in New England

15. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the following?

(A) Their economic success

(B) The type of merchandise they exported

(D) The pace of their development

16. According to the passage, early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of North America due to

(A) an abundance of natural resources

(B) financial support from colonial governments

(D) a favorable climate

17. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of the following for shipment to Europe?

(A) Manufacturing equipment

(B) Capital goods

(D) Raw materials

18. According to the passage, all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the growth of southern cities EXCEPT the

(A) location of the plantations

(B) access of plantation owners to shipping

(D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantation

19. The word “recorded” in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) imagined

(B) discovered

(D) planned

20. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line28-29) because it was a time of

(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth

(B) decreased dependence on foreign trade

(D) increased migration from northern states to southern states

(二) 中翻英 20%

(1) 競選活動 (2) 候選人 (3) 預算

(4) 外交官 (5) 隱私權 (6) 環境保護

(7) 匯率 (8) 公用事業 (9) 三振出局

(10) 美式足球

(三) 英翻中 20%

I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the meaning of its creed:” We hold these truths to be self-evident: the men are created equal.”

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.